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Persistent HBV infection alters the expression of receptors on the surface of innate and acquired immune cells, which may cause a variety of immune disorders and finally lead to immune escape and disease chronicity. Studies have shown that the upregulation of inhibitory receptors is the main cause of immune disorders in patients, and blocking inhibitory receptors can restore immune function to a certain extent. T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) is a new type of inhibitory receptor attracting much attention at present, and it is highly expressed in NK cells and T cells. It has been found that TIGIT plays an important role in chronic viral infection, and this article briefly reviews the research advances in the association between TIGIT and immune disorders in chronic HBV infection.
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Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV) and its re-emergence is a potential global threat. The number of human MPX-positive cases reported by some coutries was increasing since it was detected in the UK on May 7, 2022, which has become a public health emergency and attracted global attention. Understanding the virological characteristics, route of transmission, pathogenic mechanism, vaccines and antiviral drugs of MPX is of great significance for the prevention and control of monkeypox. This paper briefly described the etiological characteristics and the prevention and control measures for MPX.
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Objective:Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the levels of anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) -IgA/IgG/IgM and anti-β2-glycoprotein Ⅰ antibody (aβ2GPⅠ) -IgA/IgG/IgM in healthy non-pregnant and pregnant women to explore the changes of antiphospholipid antibody in different pregnancy periods.Methods:This prospective study was conducted in Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, involving normal pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination and healthy non-pregnant women with no history of adverse pregnancy who underwent progestational eugenic health examination from April 2020 to August 2021. The levels of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgG/IgM were detected using BIO-FLASH chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer and P95 as well as P99 were calculated, respectively. The difference in the six data between non-pregnant and pregnant women was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the change of each antibody in different pregnancy periods and Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between different trimester and the levels of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgG/IgM. Results:A total of 454 cases met the inclusion criteria, and 435 cases were included in the analysis after excluding 19 cases, among them 110 were non-pregnant women and 325 were pregnant women, including 110 cases in the first trimester (≤13 +6 weeks), 110 cases in the second trimester(14 +0-27 +6 weeks), and 105 cases in the third trimester (≥28 weeks). P99 value of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgG/IgM in the non-pregnant women were 7.31, 14.70, 7.92, 3.58, 13.60, and 4.95 CU, which in the pregnant women were 5.90, 12.78, 5.70, 1.60, 10.65, and 3.90 CU, and were all lower than the cut-off value of 20 CU that given by the analyzer manufacturer. The levels of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM, and aβ2GPⅠ-IgG/IgM in the pregnant women were significantly decreased comparing with the non-pregnant women [aCL-IgA: 1.90 CU (1.40-2.70 CU) vs 2.90 CU (2.20-3.83 CU), Z=－7.14; aCL-IgG: 3.00 CU (2.20-4.50 CU) vs 6.10 CU (4.20-7.83 CU), Z=－10.26; aCL-IgM: 1.40 CU (1.10-2.30 CU) vs 2.65 CU (2.08-3.73 CU), Z=－8.87; aβ2GPⅠ-IgG: 3.50 CU (2.60-4.90 CU) vs 4.75 CU (3.60-5.93 CU), Z=－5.45; aβ2GPⅠ-IgM: 0.70 CU (0.50-1.20 CU) vs 1.00 CU (0.60-1.53 CU) , Z=－3.73; all P<0.001]. The aCL-IgA level in the third trimester was higher than those in the first and second trimester (both P<0.05). The levels of aCL-IgG/IgM in the second trimester and aβ2GPⅠ- IgG in the second and third trimesters were significantly decreased than those in the first trimester (all P<0.05). Spearman analysis showed that aCL-IgG/IgM, aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgM had no significant correlation with the pregnancy period (the first, second and the third trimester) (all P>0.05). However, a weak correlation between the aCL-IgA, aβ2GPⅠ- IgG and the pregnancy period was observed ( r=0.28 and－0.49, both P<0.001) Conclusions:P99 value of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgG/IgM levels in normal pregnant women and non-pregnant women are lower than the cut-off value of 20 CU given by the analyzer manufacturer. The levels of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgG/IgM during pregnancy are lower than those before pregnancy and fluctuate with the pregnancy period, but have no significant correlation with the pregnancy period. The clinical diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome should be made according to the cut-off values of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgG/IgM determined by each laboratory.
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Objective:A strain of Yersinia pestis phage was isolated from the cecum of Meriones unguiculatus, and its biological characteristics were studied. Methods:The phage was isolated from the cecum of a Meriones unguiculatus which died in the Meriones unguiculatus natural foci of plague in Inner Mongolia. Phage morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), one-step growth curve, stability of the phage to temperature and acidity and alkalinity, sensitivity to chloroform, ethanol, isopropanol and ultraviolet rays, host range of phage lysis and lysis of the phage to wild strains of Yersinia pestis were analyzed. Results:The diameter of the phage plaque was about 10.00 mm. The head of the phage showed icosahedral symmetry under TEM, and the head was composed of a head with a diameter of 51.72 nm and a tail with a length of 10.00 nm. The MOI was 0.01, the incubation period was about 20 min, the outbreak period was 20-100 min and the outbreak amount was 200 PFU/cell. Under the condition of pH 5-12, it could maintain high activity, not sensitive to chloroform, 10% ethanol and isopropanol. Ultraviolet irradiation for 2 min could kill most of the phages. The host spectrum of the phage was narrow, and with strong specificity. It could lyse wild strains of Yersinia pestis exclusively. Conclusions:The phage is classified as family Podoviridae, which has a potential to assist the diagnosis of Yersinia pestis, enriches the database of Yersinia pestis phages and lays a foundation for the research and application of Yersinia pestis phages.
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Objective:To study the different region (DFR) genotyping of 15 strains of Yersinia pestis from Inner Mongolia. Methods:Fifteen strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from Otog Banner and Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner in Meriones unguiculatus plague foci in Inner Mongolia Plateau, Zhengxiangbai Banner in Spermophilus dauricus plague foci in the Songliao Plain in 2019 were amplified by PCR, and identified DFR genotyping. Results:Two strains of Yersinia pestis in Otog Banner jointly deleted DFR loci 1, 6, 7, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, and 13 strains of Yersinia pestis in Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner and Zhengxiangbai Banner jointly deleted DFR loci 1, 6, 7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 23. G17 and G20 were classified as genotyping by comparison with DFR locus distribution and genotyping results. Conclusion:The genotyping of Yersinia pestis in the natural foci of Meriones unguiculatus plague foci in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Spermophilus dauricus plague foci in the Songliao Plain is the same as that of the historical strain.
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Objective To explore the effective method of the prevention and cure of unstable bladder after transurethral resection of prostate(TURP).Methods Ninety patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)undergoing TURP under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups(with 30 patients in each group):treatment group,control group I and control group II.Tolterodine combined with diciofenac sodium/lidecaine hydrechloride injection were used after operation in treatment group.Control group I was only given tolterodine,and control group II was only given diclofenac sodium/lidocaine hydrochloride injection.Observed the incidence times and continuous time of unstable bladder after operation in three groups.Results Three cases(10.0%)happened to unstable bladder in treatment group and they were I degree,14 cases(46.7%)happened to unstable bladder in control group I,8 cases were I degree,5 cases were II degree,1 case was III degree;16 cases(53.3%)happened to unstable bladder in control group II,8 cases were I degree,6 cases were II degree,1 case was III degree,1 case was IV degree.There was obvious significance either between treatment group and control group I(P = 0.003)or between treatment group and control group II(P = 0.001).Conclusion Tolterodine combined with diclofenac sodium/ lidocaine hydrochloride injection have obvious effect on preventing the incidence of unstable bladder after TURP,it is easy to perform and can be used widely.
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Objective To explore the effect of the prevention and treatment of unstable bladder after suprapubic prostaectomy by capsaicin instilled into the bladder preoperatively combined with patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA)for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods Sixty patients with BPH underwent suprapubic prostatectomy under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into control group (30 cases)and treatment group(30 cases),100 ml of 100 μmol/L capsaicin was instilled into the bladder preoperatively for 30 minutes combined with PCEA after operation in treatment group,the control group was only given PCEA.Observed the incidence and continuous time of unstable bladder after operation in two groups.Results Unstable bladder was found in 3 cases of treatment group and they were Ⅰdegree,12 cases happened unstable bladder in control group,3 cases Ⅰdegree,5 cases Ⅱdegree,3 cases Ⅲ degree,1 case Ⅳ degree.There was obvious significance between two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Capsaicin instilled into the bladder combined with PCEA can cut off the reflex arc of detrusor contraction more completely and has obvious effect of decrease the incidence of unstable bladder after suprapubic prostatectomy and can be used widely.
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Objective To solve completely the problem which the software in No.1 Military Medical Project do not be updated automatically in C/S mode.Methods By directly connecting log in the database server,the query table whether there are new procedures and downloaded to a local client,and then run the client grogram.Results Not only the program was updated automatically but also the program can be started automatically and the many attached programs may be updated in the same time.Conclusion With the programs updated automatically,the workload of engineers and errors are reduced,and the work efficiency is also improved greatly.